PDF Properties
Using a custom set of XML tags inside your HTML, you can insert both custom metadata as well as instructions for how the PDF would be viewed in a PDF viewer application (subject of course to that application supporting those features).
Options
You use the (optional) tag <pdfproperties> and within that tag you
can insert <metainfo> and <pdfpreferences>
sections as shown in the instructions below. Within the
<metainfo> tag, you can add <prop> tags
with @name, @value attribute pairs with the data you wish
to store in the PDF metadata. Anything without one of the recognized, standard PDF
names (author, title, subject,
creator, keywords) are stored in custom metadata in
the PDF.
The <pdfpreferences> section allows you to insert one or more
<pref> tags with specific @name,
@value pairs that control the way the resulting PDF is displayed
with a viewer that supports standard PDF view attributes. The support
name, @value pairs are listed below and grouped into
all the available categories:
General PDF Options
These options let you control some general information about the generated PDF.
bookmarks - sets whether PDF bookmarks are generated or not. The default
is "false" for Cloudformatter. You can set @value to "true" if you want
bookmarks in PDF. Note that bookmarks are only generated for interpreted
hierarchical information. All h1 elements and there following
h2 elements and so on. Skipping levels will break the sequence and
the bookmarks will not be correct.
pdf-version - sets the PDF version number. The default is version 1.5
for Cloudformatter but you set @value to values like "1.3", "1.4",
"1.6" or "1.7" if you wish to change the version. Be aware thar some other features
could be disabled by setting the version too low.
compress - sets whether the PDF is compressed or not. The default is
"true" for Cloudformatter. You can set @value to "false" if you want
uncompressed PDF.
linearize - sets whether the PDF is linearized or not. The default is
"false" for Cloudformatter. You can set @value to "true" if you want to
optimize a long PDF for web view.
PDF View Options
These options let you control how the PDF when opened appears to the end user.
view-mode - Choose from one of the following:
auto- If there are bookmarks in the document, the bookmarks pane is displayed. Otherwise, all auxiliary panes are hidden.show-none- All auxiliary panes are hidden.show-bookmarks- The bookmarks pane is displayed.show-thumbnails- The thumbnails pane is displayed.full-screen- The document is displayed in full screen-mode.
initial-zoom - Choose from one of the following:
auto- Page scaling is not specified.fit- The page is scaled to fit completely into the view port.fit-width- The page is scaled so that its width matches the width of the view port.fit-height- The page is scaled so that its height matches the height of the view port.###or####%- The page is scaled by the number or percentage specified.
page-layout - Choose from one of the following:
auto- Uses settings of viewer application.single-page- Displays one page at a time.continuous- Displays pages continuously in one column.two-columns-left- Displays pages continuously in two columns, with odd-numbered pages to the left.two-columns-right- Displays pages continuously in two columns, with odd-numbered pages to the right.two-pages-left- Displays pages in two columns, by two pages at a time, with odd-numbered pages to the left.two-pages-right- Displays pages in two columns, by two pages at a time, with odd-numbered pages to the right.
viewer-preferences - A comma separated list of the following
possibilities:
hide-toolbar- Hides the viewer application's tool bars when the document is active.hide-menubar- Hides the viewer application's menu bar when the document is active.hide-window-ui- Hides user interface elements in the document's window (such as scroll bars and navigation controls), leaving only the document's contents displayed.fit-window- Resizes the document's window to fit the size of the first displayed page.center-window- Positions the document's window in the center of the screen.display-document-title- Controls whether the window's title bar displays the document title taken from the "title" metadata field.
PDF Security
These options allow you to specify owner and user security in the PDF output. User-level security can inject a password to be used to open the PDF, while owner-level security can control what can be done with the PDF (like printing it or copying the data from it).
userpassword - Sets the user password that must be entered to view the
PDF. There are no options, the @value passed is the password to be
used.
ownerpassword - Sets the owner password that must be entered to enable
advanced processing of the PDF. There are no options, the @value passed
is the password to be used. An ownerpassword is used to lock down certain privledges
that an owner will grant to a recipient of the PDF. Without the owner password,
recipients can be restricted from certain things. By default they are restricted
from everything, and you can then specify what additional things you allow by using
userpriviledges.
userpriviledges - A comma separated list of the following
possibilities:
print- Enables printing the document.modify- Enables editing the document.copy- Enables copying text and images from the document to the clipboard.annotate- Enables adding notations to the document and changing the field values.
PDF Pre-Press Options
These allow you to specify crop marks, bleeds and registration marks to be applied to the PDF.
crop-offset - specify offsets from the meaningful content on the page to
the edges of the physical media (/MediaBox entry in the PDF page dictionary). Its
value is a series of 1 to 4 length specifiers that set offsets from the edges of the
page area to the corresponding edges of the /MediaBox. Rules for expanding the value
are the same as for the padding property in CSS.
bleed - specify the bleeds — an extra space around the page area into
which the contents of the page may protrude (/BleedBox entry in the PDF page
dictionary). Its value is a series of 1 to 4 length specifiers that set offsets from
the edges of the page area to the corresponding edges of the /BleedBox. Rules for
expanding the value are the same as for the padding property in CSS.
crop-mark-width - defines line width for the crop marks, setting it to 0
disables drawing of crop marks.
bleed-mark-width - defines line width for the bleed marks, setting it to
0 disables drawing of bleed marks.
printer-mark - specify additional SVG images to be drawn in the offset
area surrounding the page (specified by crop-offset and bleed parameters). Printer
marks are clipped to the outside of the bleed rectangle. The @value is
a URL to an SVG you have. This sample has two URLs (one for a colorbar and one for a
registration mark) you can also use if you like.
The following code is what is behind this page for producing the PDF. Of course, you would only see the things supported by your PDF viewer you use. If you wish to see them all in action, then use "download" and Adobe Reader to view the PDF.
Recent changes in some browsers will not treat this XML as XML. Instead it tries (incorrectly) to not close tags. For best results, be sure to use open and close tags and not a self-closing tag.
<pdfproperties style="display:none;">
<metainfo>
<prop name="author" value="Xportability LLC"></prop>
<prop name="title"
value="Xportability Cloudformatter: Showing Custom
PDF Properties"></prop>
<prop name="subject" value="A Cloudformatter Document"></prop>
<prop name="creator" value="css2pdf@cloudformatter.com"></prop>
<prop name="keywords" value="CSS, PDF, Cloudformatter"></prop>
<prop name="custom1" value="value1"></prop>
<prop name="custom2" value="value2"></prop>
<prop name="custom3" value="value3"></prop>
<prop name="custom4" value="value4"></prop>
</metainfo>
<pdfpreferences>
<pref name="bookmarks" value="true"></pref>
<pref name="pdf-version" value="1.6"></pref>
<pref name="view-mode" value="auto"></pref>
<pref name="initial-zoom" value="fit-height"></pref>
<pref name="page-layout" value="two-columns-left"></pref>
<pref name="viewer-preferences" value="display-document-title"></pref>
<pref name="crop-offset" value="0.5in"></pref>
<pref name="crop-mark-width" value="1px"></pref>
<pref name="printer-mark"
value="http://www.cloudformatter.com/Resources/Images/registration.svg"></pref>
<pref name="printer-mark"
value="http://www.cloudformatter.com/Resources/Images/colorbar.svg"></pref>
</pdfpreferences>
</pdfproperties>
Sample Output H2
Sea iusto labore diam ut justo facer vel mazim dolor lorem kasd eirmod. Est erat elitr autem takimata et at lorem. Aliquip labore vulputate elitr doming est sit sea dolore ipsum. Dolores suscipit eirmod accusam et wisi et eirmod dolor vero amet. Magna diam ea eirmod ea nulla amet. Quod sea accusam commodo lorem erat vero consetetur tempor sit eu.
Sea in diam hendrerit et diam sanctus ipsum. Dolor vero feugait takimata nisl. Sea dolores zzril et volutpat. Sanctus elitr molestie lobortis illum nonumy takimata at nibh. Consetetur elitr et iriure lorem odio et sadipscing magna. Dolor odio takimata dolor sadipscing ipsum sed.
Sample Output H3
Voluptua nonummy lorem eirmod et dolor ipsum. Voluptua esse accusam ipsum eos elitr amet erat sit tempor rebum invidunt magna et lobortis tempor gubergren et. Vel placerat kasd accusam ipsum dolores elitr nisl eirmod veniam lorem ipsum sed dolor diam at. No sadipscing clita delenit at dolores at diam sadipscing est erat nonumy vero clita. Volutpat labore illum magna consetetur ut vero dolore dolore nisl veniam eirmod.
Vero ut amet eum dolor duis velit lobortis velit consetetur at vel consetetur velit stet erat. Ea tempor dolor dolor sanctus nonumy no aliquyam ipsum dolore gubergren minim takimata rebum dolores eum tempor et. Et hendrerit ipsum. Sed stet duis. Sit sadipscing elitr ut justo dolor mazim eum dolor lorem voluptua sit veniam tempor nobis lorem. Euismod elitr diam aliquyam lobortis nonumy sanctus magna sadipscing nonumy in gubergren labore ea labore rebum duo. Invidunt clita et. At labore invidunt odio gubergren kasd dolor invidunt vel elitr. Lorem esse et magna elitr sanctus eirmod justo magna et hendrerit ipsum velit sea ut. Eirmod consequat eos zzril molestie kasd ea.
Sample Output H4
Consetetur sit erat amet wisi ipsum consectetuer ipsum justo volutpat dolores aliquyam magna no. Eu elitr sit et accusam eos amet stet vero ut rebum. Nulla vel aliquam clita magna est. Sed suscipit no sadipscing eos ut kasd aliquam praesent. Blandit adipiscing et eirmod ad ipsum iriure quis minim amet sit sed eirmod lorem diam. At eos lorem dolore sanctus minim. Stet tation accusam elitr praesent assum iriure gubergren in dolores erat in. Vero dolore elitr eum diam dolor lorem iriure. Aliquyam volutpat ea et minim nihil tempor illum invidunt. Eirmod eos sed autem iriure at sed et invidunt ut at sed dolores labore ut adipiscing.
Et est lorem voluptua stet aliquyam sanctus dolore velit labore voluptua dolore eos at rebum aliquip ipsum congue feugiat. Magna accusam ipsum aliquyam duo veniam sadipscing sed dolore ipsum euismod aliquyam sanctus takimata facilisis dolore. Amet consetetur eu nonumy at consectetuer exerci sit ipsum sit ea dolor labore magna vero lorem sanctus amet et. Vero sea clita tempor consetetur accusam est lorem amet ipsum et duo nobis consequat sea nonumy amet. Takimata nisl sanctus labore ipsum amet vero zzril dolore odio qui diam et at lorem elitr consetetur tempor. Iriure consetetur duo ea et sit sit eu dolore amet justo suscipit dignissim elitr et vero consequat labore diam. Accusam consetetur ad sea illum tempor duo feugiat vel. Nostrud velit est magna ut sit et nonumy ut dolore duis et nonummy justo stet clita lorem aliquip. Augue blandit elitr dolor sea lorem invidunt amet gubergren feugiat et wisi et labore duo lorem nulla. Tincidunt vero et nonumy commodo.
Sample Output H4
Et labore congue in. Accusam eirmod adipiscing feugait. Erat dolor amet sit diam dolore. Minim euismod dolor adipiscing nulla invidunt at. Kasd consetetur vel feugiat clita iriure nonumy vero eum tation. Eirmod sanctus rebum voluptua consetetur eirmod. Eirmod facilisi ipsum erat et dolor sed sed vero et et amet. Ipsum ut kasd autem vero ad amet invidunt.
Nulla est est takimata consetetur eos nihil zzril takimata consetetur ipsum dolore sanctus illum vulputate et dolor. Sit feugiat kasd sea justo invidunt at ipsum nonummy dolores lorem ex tempor. Ipsum et in ullamcorper ipsum diam magna duo rebum elitr vero dolor laoreet ea veniam vel kasd. Et diam consetetur mazim no wisi justo justo et sed. Dolor consequat sanctus eos sadipscing adipiscing et tempor sed aliquip sed gubergren sed nobis vero. Duo nonumy te sanctus et diam nonummy labore ut clita vero nam vero est dolores sea. Diam amet eros erat sed ipsum ea takimata voluptua dolores invidunt voluptua duo et sed. Nisl et diam in aliquip. Vero eos et enim dolore consetetur sit clita eos vulputate et est nonumy consequat et ad.
Sample Output H3
Autem lorem sed sanctus in no sadipscing amet et molestie in ipsum. Invidunt qui nibh diam nisl rebum eos dolores lorem sanctus stet consetetur dolores eros stet sed no. Diam magna vero amet nonumy tempor dolor ex rebum et invidunt gubergren ipsum. Possim no dolor est diam nonumy stet autem sed rebum lorem in tempor. Vero gubergren erat blandit at duo ea dolore erat diam rebum facilisi eum. Sit diam aliquyam consetetur voluptua facer est sea facilisis sea illum aliquam vero kasd ullamcorper stet justo facilisis euismod. Et ut et. Invidunt magna elitr duo sed et diam ut rebum gubergren congue magna labore clita sit.
Et lorem accusam labore ut sadipscing nonumy clita est duo illum. Laoreet dolore cum labore kasd takimata amet autem tempor sit eirmod duo lorem est enim clita sed clita kasd. Sea rebum voluptua sed suscipit et magna tempor lorem sanctus lobortis exerci diam nisl. Et amet et et lorem. Eos dolor lorem amet. Ut duo ipsum gubergren dolor quod laoreet diam.
Sample Output H4
Magna accumsan ipsum minim id vero gubergren ad vel vel kasd kasd ipsum magna et et vero ullamcorper. Ut eros kasd imperdiet et et stet et clita eirmod kasd et. Nobis dolore duis nonumy dolore. Erat eu dolor eos dolor dolor sadipscing iriure accusam et id justo justo justo et lorem dolores gubergren. Adipiscing erat consectetuer esse et sadipscing invidunt erat clita gubergren delenit cum amet amet rebum sed laoreet facilisi sit. No eos diam sed et duo qui dolore autem et eos labore lorem kasd et. Sit magna aliquyam. Amet et magna eu at congue lorem ipsum est elitr tempor nonummy quis ut ipsum nulla. Facer no congue at consetetur et amet imperdiet aliquyam dolores ut aliquyam dolore magna consetetur in. No invidunt elitr tempor dolor sed qui ea accusam nam facilisi. Odio commodo sea kasd in et est amet est.
Volutpat invidunt amet consectetuer ea vero. Kasd et ipsum lorem voluptua et et amet est dolore amet sadipscing lorem vero liber kasd eum. Voluptua duo et nonumy eirmod minim est ipsum erat in sed et enim. Elitr et kasd dolore diam nobis in tation rebum. Stet et lorem amet dolor. Ea at sit lorem nonumy sanctus dolor et consetetur no dolore eos eirmod voluptua magna augue diam. Sit esse dolore magna ipsum elitr in dolores laoreet tincidunt sit labore sea feugait amet rebum. Et ut ea ex consequat ipsum eirmod iriure vero et duo voluptua in. Facilisi clita erat stet ipsum dolores labore gubergren no nibh eirmod nobis sit justo sed sit no. Ut qui placerat. Et accumsan veniam no sadipscing invidunt sed no velit erat ut et magna rebum sed sit.
Sample Output H4
Takimata vero veniam nonumy nostrud et dolor et labore est ullamcorper. Dolore duo consequat et. Hendrerit duis nonumy ut ipsum duo amet dolor no volutpat aliquyam eirmod et et. Et sea stet ea diam et dolor autem eos eos ut tempor duo consetetur nonumy dolores facilisis eu amet. Aliquyam eu elitr no eirmod aliquyam tempor duo volutpat voluptua magna duo. Eum id et vero dolor lorem magna sadipscing justo et eleifend. Dolore amet sea commodo sit sit sed ad ea commodo molestie et lorem aliquyam autem dolor sed.
Elitr duo cum et. Tempor vero sit diam cum et sea magna gubergren sit liber congue erat nonumy lorem. Ullamcorper tempor vulputate amet et te et accusam sed ut dolore ea ea exerci amet dolor diam suscipit. Et velit stet stet. Quod est et. Sadipscing amet dolores et in aliquyam sit aliquyam dolores diam duis no.
More Sample Output H2
Erat justo labore. Et sit sit sadipscing et hendrerit vel nulla et. Vero in et et et diam sed sed dolores sadipscing kasd invidunt sea rebum. Praesent stet invidunt dolore rebum ut nostrud ea et nonumy erat liber sit aliquyam consequat dolor accumsan. Accusam takimata vel at facilisis esse no dolor elit dolor gubergren praesent. Consetetur molestie stet diam. No vel soluta esse aliquyam invidunt lobortis diam justo diam sed kasd dolor sit.
Tempor takimata volutpat gubergren soluta erat vero dolores sit. Velit duo gubergren elitr et eirmod vero accusam eirmod voluptua erat ex doming. Accusam praesent diam et dignissim et nihil rebum et tempor takimata zzril quis diam. Sed accumsan vel eum ut sit invidunt. Eros tempor justo duo volutpat sea. Nulla suscipit nulla gubergren in amet sadipscing diam magna feugait dolor sadipscing eirmod dolores. Tempor no duis. Gubergren invidunt rebum sea te eos consequat lorem dolore euismod ea ipsum. Et invidunt blandit et labore nisl exerci vero labore aliquam eirmod duis eirmod elitr lorem sit vulputate diam aliquyam.
Sample Output H3
Dolore no stet commodo accusam accusam blandit amet gubergren elit et in dolores tempor dolor et illum dolor dolore. Facilisi tation praesent vero elitr et ad erat lorem sanctus esse dolores ut sadipscing vero. Sanctus accusam rebum et. Eos sit invidunt odio sadipscing est. Dolor duo sanctus et. Sadipscing consequat odio at assum sed luptatum ipsum magna dolor diam et. Diam vero dolor eos diam at diam placerat lobortis dolore at.
Ea duo vero dolore magna amet quis gubergren no enim lorem dolore vel duis dolores. Et et suscipit odio et lorem elit nibh vero in sanctus ut. Eirmod rebum amet vel. Elitr ea diam vero accusam sed cum velit aliquyam sed sadipscing volutpat gubergren rebum et. Iriure exerci sit sed et clita liber invidunt et eos et kasd diam est consequat sea diam.
Sample Output H4
Duo molestie justo dolor adipiscing duo aliquip vero tempor et eirmod. Rebum consectetuer lorem consetetur tempor iriure dolores dolor magna sadipscing in exerci ut aliquyam. Exerci in nostrud dolor in sadipscing et ipsum quis amet te molestie sed. Eirmod ipsum ipsum at vero hendrerit vel vero. Stet dolor gubergren kasd facilisis vero feugait gubergren cum elitr in nonumy ipsum feugait dolore. Vero facilisi eu voluptua enim iriure elitr diam eirmod sadipscing feugait. Iriure eum diam eum in et et. Duis kasd lorem erat et sit takimata. Commodo no suscipit in accusam labore sit ut justo lorem at duo est.
Consequat et justo et. Sed clita et dolore gubergren tempor facilisis autem sea amet est labore esse nulla ut sed ipsum magna. Sed nulla eum duis diam esse. Aliquip aliquyam et adipiscing facilisis sit duo dolor et lorem tation eros. Nostrud suscipit invidunt dolor dolor sadipscing autem rebum euismod nibh duo aliquyam nobis.
Sample Output H4
Invidunt et et aliquyam sed amet voluptua lorem duis accumsan. Est elit facilisi stet lobortis et vero ipsum diam. Ipsum dolor eros duis sea sit voluptua ut sit liber clita ipsum rebum sed et lobortis nonummy eos ullamcorper. Nam dolore invidunt amet esse. Dolor exerci voluptua sit invidunt lorem. Elit et magna mazim ut duo quis lorem rebum erat lorem sea at ut clita aliquyam lorem minim stet. Labore velit facilisi ea. Et ea no eirmod no eirmod justo no invidunt dolor doming. Kasd voluptua magna elitr ipsum takimata ad dolore sed et voluptua nonumy vel diam labore eos amet accumsan. Sed et lorem dolor ipsum justo dolor est sed ut lorem lobortis ut vel erat eirmod vulputate ipsum.
Nibh voluptua et ea et laoreet ea ipsum eu tempor erat autem stet ut clita. Stet magna facilisis eos esse sit sed vel kasd clita eum euismod dolores nonumy et. Clita et et ut justo rebum. Ea nonumy lorem eos et vulputate commodo elitr consetetur lorem diam at. Ipsum diam labore in labore blandit elitr rebum erat et blandit at et ipsum odio suscipit. Ut amet dolores diam. Soluta velit erat tempor sea no possim. Stet sea rebum gubergren sed ut molestie vulputate dolores amet nonumy vero ut blandit lorem. Sit est magna dolore lorem magna tincidunt in sed dolor mazim. Stet magna dolore et vero stet at gubergren veniam clita stet ipsum et. Duo sit consetetur dolor facilisis et tempor dolores ut volutpat facilisis et sit lorem feugiat.
Sample Output H3
Sit quis est ut invidunt vero. Eirmod et consetetur nonumy ipsum possim. Minim dolore dolor dolor ut consectetuer dolore vero feugait et vel amet sed sit. Dolores diam stet iriure dolor sadipscing diam sit feugait dolore at accusam nonumy placerat diam magna velit ea kasd. Kasd consetetur invidunt nonumy suscipit at at sit vero aliquyam vero et lorem et aliquyam amet. At iriure lorem velit gubergren quis. Rebum kasd clita sit illum commodo clita lorem congue velit elitr eos. At et accusam zzril at voluptua elit nulla magna duo. Tempor diam sanctus clita et kasd duis amet ipsum diam vero congue nonumy amet dolores autem dolores at. Vel eirmod kasd consetetur justo placerat.
Kasd ut erat tempor soluta eros diam ea euismod iriure sit facilisis. Sit in dolor sit dolor ipsum et lorem sea lorem quis ut augue eu ipsum et. Tempor assum et sea sanctus. Eos dolor possim eirmod vel dolor ullamcorper ipsum dolores volutpat zzril ipsum dolor duis sadipscing duo justo eirmod amet. Et dolores lobortis nonumy sadipscing suscipit erat ipsum tempor elit takimata rebum. At lorem dolore duis ea nisl vero et sit kasd labore dolor labore amet voluptua. Tempor amet dolore no ipsum erat. Ipsum eleifend consetetur elitr sit suscipit ea voluptua quis diam commodo dolore ipsum consetetur in takimata ut voluptua.
Sample Output H4
Eos aliquam sed no gubergren dolor amet aliquam magna vero lobortis. Volutpat sea labore sit dignissim kasd et kasd dolore accumsan iriure nibh duo stet erat. Sit elitr dolor dolore et molestie dolore dolor nulla ut luptatum amet. Augue diam ipsum dolore eos labore invidunt nostrud consetetur est. Lorem et amet lorem diam et sed ipsum et vel.
Sed consequat sadipscing iriure exerci. Liber sit iriure eos dolore ea dolore sanctus stet sed clita elitr. Dignissim tempor et. Dolor veniam duis et. Tincidunt vulputate gubergren sed diam duo et sit aliquyam esse sadipscing lorem esse lorem sit. Nonumy eros labore accusam dolores stet esse. Enim ipsum consequat nonumy takimata amet ipsum sed invidunt tempor.
Sample Output H4
Eum eirmod exerci ut et dolores elit no dolore rebum dolor dolores ut ipsum sea labore sit. Amet wisi dolor dolor et tempor et erat nonumy blandit et ea duo dolore clita. Ut vel ea blandit tempor consequat commodo. Duis duo sanctus duo adipiscing te lorem duo clita et vel vero takimata ipsum. Dolore amet elit augue. Et invidunt sit. Ipsum lorem clita eos justo magna stet aliquyam dolores feugait amet veniam dolore. Tempor minim et dolor ipsum dolore ipsum justo luptatum et diam takimata cum. Eirmod volutpat lobortis dolore et ipsum ipsum eros amet rebum lorem adipiscing facilisis dolor te illum. Ea takimata consequat dolore sit rebum accusam eirmod eu eirmod lorem sanctus erat nonumy euismod dolor sed elitr erat.
Possim erat lorem erat erat vel dignissim facer sanctus. Ullamcorper invidunt at aliquyam dolor dolore veniam. Qui sed amet. Labore consetetur lorem lorem ut odio et dolore diam diam sed consetetur voluptua sed. Amet et erat ut hendrerit elitr suscipit nibh tempor. Lorem sed ea vel est ea euismod consectetuer magna quis nonumy at in vel ea. In molestie vel sed eleifend lobortis et erat kasd rebum dolore commodo at wisi et. Labore dolores invidunt eu ipsum aliquam accusam sit zzril kasd nibh lorem dolores sed duis clita. Lobortis et accusam magna sadipscing erat rebum erat invidunt velit invidunt at sed elitr. Lorem takimata elitr nonummy lorem lorem ipsum et.